Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors drive intestinal inflammation via activation of toll-like receptor 4

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J Exp Med. 2012 Dec 17;209(13):2395-408. doi: 10.1084/jem.20102660. Epub 2012 Dec 3. Junker Y, Zeissig S, Kim SJ, Barisani D, Wieser H, Leffler DA, Zevallos V, Libermann TA, Dillon S, Freitag TL, Kelly CP, Schuppan D. Source Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Abstract Ingestion of wheat, barley, or rye triggers small intestinal inflammation in patients with celiac…

Pepsin digest of wheat gliadin fraction increases production of IL-1² via TLR4/MyD88/TRIF/MAPK/NF-ºB signaling pathway and an NLRP3 inflammasome activation

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LoS One. 2013 Apr 29;8(4):e62426. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062426. Print 2013. Palová-Jelínková L, DáHová K, Draaarová H, DvoYák M, Funda DP, Fundová P, Kotrbová-Kozak A, erná M, Kamanová J, Martin SF, Freudenberg M, Tuková L. Source Institute of Microbiology, Department of Immunology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. lenicka@biomed.cas.cz Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-responsive, chronic inflammatory enteropathy. IL-1 cytokine family members IL-1² and…